Minnesota College opportunities

For the college bound interested in a Scandinavian background college here is a good one to consider. Gustavus Adolphus college has majors in many areas. Paabo recently presented some of his interesting Neanderthal DNA data at the college's yearly Nobel lecture series.

My eyes are good so far

The ophthalmologist pronounced my eyes healthy. The Amsler test that I failed at home, I passed at the doctor's. The grid they used there had thicker lines and was backlighted. The backlighting made the difference. They gave me a simpler version to take home and post on the frig. There was no sign of exfoliating glaucoma even though I carry the gene as do many blue-eyed northern Europeans.

Thanks to Jon, I did not need to drive home after the eye drops. I had also stopped by Leo's house to see if he could drive me home, but, he was doped up with sleeping meds for his medical problems and couldn't do it. He couldn't even go to work.

DNA testing -- a perspective

I had my DNA tested recently by 23andme.com . They do 600,000 or so DNA SNPs for $399. I believe the service is invaluable. To my surprise, not only have I heard opinion otherwise, but also, almost everyone I've talked to would not do it themselves. With a view toward correcting misinformation about these kinds of tests, here goes a bit of info.

According to Chrissy, her mom heard on "Twenty Twenty" that these tests are unreliable and a fraud. This is utterly untrue. What is true is that there are some paternalistic "consumer advocates" out there who assume that all clients of these tests are stupid and would be ill served by knowing their DNA background. Some of them are physicians. I reject this opinion completely.

Cross comparison's between 23andme and decodeme for the same individual have shown that they are almost in complete agreement in their SNP calls for almost all 600,000 SNPs. Only a handful differed between the two testing companies. That disposes of the data reliability issue.

The allegations of unreliability probably derive from the well known fact that these are early days in the scientific INTERPRETATION of those results. 23andme provides interpretation for only 91 SNPs of the 600K. Furthermore, individual SNPs only are interpreted, when not only environmental influences must be taken into account, but also the DNA context of the OTHER SNPs must be taken into account. No company provides that contextual interpretation because few scientific papers are yet available.

Nonetheless, what is available already is invaluable. One can determine whether they carry the cystic fibrosis gene or many other highly deleterious (and beneficial genes). That is often a good enough indication for medical surveillance in a particular area (all depending on the individual results). Sergey Brin, founder of google and husband of the lady who founded 23andme now knows that he carries the Parkinson's gene and since his mother already has Parkinson's he is now motivated to fund research in that area and also undertake medical surveillance of his own condition.

I now know I am at risk of thromboembolism and maybe a few other things at lower risk. I am actually relieved to know I have so few risk factors. Almost all humans have some risk factors. I was able to run my DNA file through the Promethease program by an another company which turned up a few more things that 23andme choose not to display because they do not yet regard them as sufficiently proven. That is fine by me. The Promethease program warned me of a possible Warfarin sensitivity. If I should ever have a heart attack or stroke, I'll simply warn the doctor to use a reduced dose or an alternative medication. No problem. In short, I find the service invaluable from a medical perspective.

As chance would have it, the 23andme forum also turned up a request for people with a certain profile. It turned out I fit that profile on my Y chromosome and it now appears I am among the first seven people to be discovered for a new previously unknown R1b1 clade of the Y chromosome. Very interesting. The experts seem to think this will greatly change scientific interpretation of the Celtic history.